The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is commonly used in the humanities, especially in literature, languages, and cultural studies.
General Formatting
Paper Format
- 1-inch margins on all sides
- Double-spaced throughout
- 12-point readable font (Times New Roman recommended)
- Header with last name and page number in top right
- No title page (unless required)
First Page Header
Include on the first page (left-aligned, double-spaced):
- Your name
- Instructor's name
- Course name
- Date (Day Month Year format)
In-Text Citations
MLA uses author-page citations. No comma between author and page number.
Parenthetical: (Smith 45) Narrative: Smith argues that "..." (45).
Multiple Authors
- Two authors: (Smith and Jones 45)
- Three or more: (Smith et al. 45)
No Author
Use shortened title: ("Article Title" 45)
No Page Numbers
Omit page numbers if source doesn't have them: (Smith)
Works Cited
Core Elements
- Author
- Title of source
- Title of container
- Contributors
- Version
- Number
- Publisher
- Publication date
- Location
Books
Last, First. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.
Articles
Last, First. "Title of Article." Journal Name, vol. #, no. #, Year, pp. #-#.
Websites
Last, First. "Title of Page." Website Name, Publisher, Day Month Year, URL.
Formatting the Works Cited Page
- Title "Works Cited" centered at top
- Alphabetize entries by author's last name
- Use hanging indentation (first line flush left, subsequent lines indented 0.5")
- Double-space all entries
Key Differences from APA
| Element | MLA | APA |
|---|---|---|
| In-text | (Author Page) | (Author, Year) |
| Bibliography | Works Cited | References |
| Titles | Italics for long, quotes for short | Italics for long works |
| Date format | Day Month Year | Year |
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